Objectives: To present diagnostics and discuss probable mechanisms of emerging and reemerging viral infections at the Reference Center in a public Brazilian Northeast hospital.
Methods: We diagnosed patients using neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging, serological and spinal fluid viral biomarker identification from 2014 to 2024. This research has been approved by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Institute Aggeu Magalhaes Ethics Committee, registered as CAAE nº 511.06.115.8.000.5190.
Results: Eleven patients of both genders, aging from 2 to 73 years old, were diagnosed with emerging and reemerging viruses such as Coxsackie B2, B3, B2,B3,B4, Erythrovirus B19, ZikaV, ChikV, Herpes zosterV, West NileV, SARS-CoV-19, and a possible case of OropoucheV. Different neurological manifestations posed constant challenges.
Conclusions: The diagnosis of emerging and reemerging viruses requires great neurologic skills. It is important to consider cellular and humoral responses, genetic susceptibility, and vaccine reactions that can contribute to the diagnosis and sequelae of viral infections in the nervous system.