Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other organs. It is transmitted in the air when a person with TB coughs or sneezes. Its symptoms are chronic cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness. TB can be detected by tests such as chest X-rays and sputum tests. Though it is treatable with a six-month course of antibiotics, drug-resistant forms (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) are a major problem. TB remains a significant global health threat, especially in poor countries and among individuals with weakened immune systems, for example, those with HIV. Prevention measures involve vaccination (BCG), proper ventilation, and regular screening of high-risk populations. The 2nd Infectious Diseases World Conference edition emphasizes these international challenges and the call for innovation in TB research. Ongoing improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines are imperative, with organizations such as the WHO spearheading global eradication campaigns. World TB Day (24th of March) also brings attention to the issue and the call for early detection and treatment compliance.